My full curriculum vitae can be found at my personal website, but briefly, my research interests are atomic layer deposition (ALD), scanning probe microscopy, and DNA-based nanotechnology, which I pursue as a member of the Nanoscale Materials and Device Group in collaboration with Profs. Bill Knowlton, Bernie Yurke, Will Hughes, Wan Kuang, Jeunghoon Lee, and Cheryl Jorcyk.

Prior to joining Boise State, I taught physics at Rollins College and involved students in photonic crystals and atomic layer deposition (ALD) research. As a post-doc in Chris Summers's Nanophotonics research group in the School of Materials Science & Engineering at Georgia Tech, I developed techniques to fabricate and manipulate the optical properties of 2D and 3D photonic crystals using ALD. Using custom ALD systems, we developed several protocols to grow thin films and multi-layers of titanium dioxide (TiO₂), aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃) and gallium phosphide (GaP) within synthetic opals and 2D slab waveguides. This allowed us to tune and enhance the optical properties of these structures for specific applications.

I've also worked on ultra-high vacuum scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) of semiconductor surfaces (Si and GaAs) with John Weaver at UIUC. We studied the etching of semiconductors with halogens, atom-by-atom. I also used a variable-temperature STM to study the surface dynamics and evolution in 'real time'.

In graduate school, I worked in Ron Reifenberger's group on the field emission and temperature dependent electronic conductance of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs). I received my Ph.D. in physics in 2000.

• Journal Publications
• E. Graugnard, D. Kellis*, H. Bui, S. Barnes*, W. Kuang, J. Lee, W.L. Hughes, W.B. Knowlton, B. Yurke, “DNA-controlled excitonic switches,” Nano Letters 12 2117 (2012) (link). E. Graugnard, A. Cox*, J. Lee, C. Jorcyk, B. Yurke, W.L. Hughes, “Operation of a DNA-based autocatalytic network in serum,” Y. Sakakibara and Y. Mi (Eds.): Lecture Notes in Computer Science 6518 83 (2011) (link). H. Bui, C. Onodera, C. Kidwell, YP. Tan, E. Graugnard, W. Kuang, J. Lee, W. B. Knowlton, B. Yurke, and W. L. Hughes, "Programmable Periodicity of Quantum Dot Arrays with DNA Origami Nanotubes", Nano Letters 10 3367 (2010). (link)
• E. Graugnard, A. Cox, J. Lee, C. Jorcyk, B. Yurke, and W. L. Hughes, "Kinetics of DNA and RNA Hybridization in Serum and Serum-SDS," IEEE Transactions on Nanotechnology 9 603 (2010). (link)
• E. Graugnard, O.M. Roche, S.N. Dunham, J.S. King, D. N. Sharp, R.G. Denning, A.J. Turberfield, and C. J. Summers, "Replicated photonic crystals by atomic layer deposition within holographically defined polymer templates," Applied Physics Letters 94 263109 (2009). D.P. Gaillot, E. Graugnard, J. Blair, C.J. Summers, "Dispersion control in two-dimensional superlattice photonic crystal waveguides by atomic layer deposition," Applied Physics Letters 91 181123 (2007).
• E. Graugnard, S.N. Dunham, J.S. King, D. Lorang, S. Jain, C.J. Summers, "Enhanced tunable Bragg diffraction in large-pore inverse opals using dual-frequency liquid crystal," Applied Physics Letters 91 111101 (2007).
• D.P. Gaillot, E. Graugnard, J.S. King, C.J. Summers, "Tunable Bragg peak response in liquid crystal infiltrated photonic crystals," Journal of the Optical Society of America B 24 211102 (2007).
• E. Graugnard, V. Chawla, D. Lorang, C.J. Summers, "High filling fraction gallium phosphide inverse opals by atomic layer deposition," Applied Physics Letters 89 211102 (2006).
• E. Graugnard, D.P. Gaillot, S.N. Dunham, C.J. Summers, "Tuning dispersion in 2D photonic crystals with atomic layer deposition," Applied Physics Letters 89 181108 (2006).
• C.J. Summers, E. Graugnard, D.P. Gaillot, J.S. King, "Luminescent and tunable 3D photonic crystal structures," Journal of Nonlinear Optical Physics & Materials 15 203 (2006).
• I.C. Khoo, Y. Williams, A. Diaz, K. Chen, J.A. Bossard, L. Li, D.H. Werner, E. Graugnard, J. S. King, S. Jain, C.J. Summers, "Liquid-crystals for tunable photonic crystals, frequency selective surfaces and negative index material development," Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals453 309 (2006).
• J.S. King, E. Graugnard, O.M. Roche, D.N. Sharp, R.G. Denning, A.J. Turberfield, C.J. Summers, "Infiltration and Inversion of Holographically-defined polymer photonic crystal templates using atomic layer deposition," Advanced Materials18 1561 (2006).
• E. Graugnard, J.S. King, D.P. Gaillot, C.J. Summers, "Sacrificial-layer atomic layer deposition for fabrication of non-close-packed inverse-opal photonic crystals," Advanced Functional Materials16 1187 (2006).
• Advanced Materials 18 1063 (2006).
• J.S. King, E. Graugnard, C.J. Summers, "Photoluminescence modification by high-order photonic bands in TiO2/ZnS:Mn multi-layer inverse opals," Applied Physics Letters 88 081109 (2006).
• E. Graugnard, J.S. King, S. Jain, C.J. Summers, Y. Zhang-Williams, I.C. Khoo "Electric field tuning of the Bragg peak in non-close-packed TiO2 inverse shell opals," Physical Review B 72 233105 (2005).
• X.D. Wang, C. Lao, E. Graugnard, C.J. Summers and Z.L. Wang, "Large-Size Liftable Inverted-Nanobowl Sheets as Reusable Masks for Nanolithography," Nano Letters5 1784 (2005).
• X.D. Wang, C. Neff, E. Graugnard, Y. Ding, J.S. King, L.A. Pranger, R. Tannenbaum, Z.L. Wang, C.J. Summers, "Photonic Crystals Fabricated Using Patterned Nanorod Arrays," Advanced Materials 17 2103 (2005).
• J.S. King, D. Heineman, E. Graugnard, C.J. Summers, "Atomic layer deposition in porous materials: 3D photonic crystals" Applied Surface Science 244 511 (2005).
• J.S. King, E. Graugnard, C.J. Summers, "TiO2 inverse opals fabricated using low temperature atomic layer deposition," Advanced Materials 17 1010 (2005).
• X.D. Wang, E. Graugnard, J.S. King, Z.L. Wang, C.J. Summers, "Large-scale Fabrication of Ordered Nano-Bowl Arrays," Nano Letters 4 2223 (2004).
• G. Xu, E. Graugnard, B.R. Trenhaile, Koji S. Nakayama, J.H. Weaver, "Atom vacancy lines and surface patterning: The role of stress for Br-Si(100)-(2×1) at 700 K," Physical Review B 68 075301 (2003).
• G. Xu, E. Graugnard, V. Petrova, Koji S. Nakayama, J.H. Weaver, "Dynamics of surface roughening of Cl-terminated Si(100)-(2×1) at 700 K," Physical Review B 67 125320 (2003).
• Koji S. Nakayama, E. Graugnard, J.H. Weaver, "Tunneling Electron Induced Bromine Hopping on Si(100)-(2×1)," Physical Review Letters 89 266106 (2002).
• Koji S. Nakayama, E. Graugnard, J.H. Weaver, "Surface modification without desorption: Recycling of Cl on Si(100)-(2×1)," Physical Review Letters 88 125508 (2002).
• E. Graugnard, P.J. de Pablo, B. Walsh, A.W. Ghosh, S. Datta, R. Reifenberger, "Temperature dependence of the conductance of multi-walled carbon nanotubes," Physical Review B 64 125407 (2001).
• D. Lovall, M. Buss, E. Graugnard, R.P. Andres, R. Reifenberger, "Electron emission and structural characterization of a rope of single-walled carbon nanotubes," Physical Review B 61 5683 (2000).
• P.J. de Pablo, S. Howell, S. Crittenden, B. Walsh, E. Graugnard, R.P. Andres, R. Reifenberger, "Correlating the location of structural defects with the electrical failure of multiwalled carbon nanotubes," Applied Physics Letters 75 3941 (1999).
• P.J. de Pablo, E. Graugnard, B. Walsh, R.P. Andres, S. Datta, R. Reifenberger, "A Simple reliable technique for making electrical contacts to multiwalled carbon nanotubes," Applied Physics Letters 74 24 (1999).

• Visit the Nanoscale Materials and Device Group website to learn more about our research on DNA nanotechnology.
• You can also review the articles and presentations listed on my Boise State Selected Works website.